基于未确知的化工系统HAZOP分析

基于传统的HAZOP分析存在量化困难的缺陷,提出未确知数-HAZOP分析模型,该模型不仅解决传统HAZOP分析的存在的问题,还可以根据专家经验程度的不同整合专家给出的原因事件的概率区间值。文章利用该模型对运行过程中的化工装置进行了定性定量的分析。未确知数-HAZOP的分析思想对于进行化工事故预防具有重要的意义。     

砌体墙-钢筋混凝土墙组合结构混凝土墙数量的优化准则证明

将砌体墙-钢筋混凝土墙组合结构连续化,按振型组合法证明了同时满足规范允许顶点侧移和层间侧移角的最少抗震混凝土墙数量为最优混凝土墙量,相应的设计为最优设计.     

新建筑设计防火规范的新老条文比较及探讨

结合《建规》自发布起这段时间的图纸设计、审核工作实践,对关于民用建筑建筑专业防火设计的新老《建规》修订条文和新条文有关问题进行了进一步的探讨,以供民用建筑防火设计时参考。     

裂纹数密度具有空间分布的随机介质模拟理论

利用随机过程的谱展开理论以及Hudson的裂纹介质模型，构造一种裂纹数密度具有空间统计分布的随机介质模型，给出了详细的理论推导过程。该模型利用Hudson理论的将裂纹微观参数(裂纹数密度、裂纹半径等)与裂纹介质的宏观性质(弹性常数)联系起来的特点，对可以用二维指数椭圆型、Gaussian型自相关函数描述裂纹数密度的裂纹介质，进行了二维随机介质的模拟。结果表明：(1)基于这一模拟理论的随机介质模型能灵活、有效地描述实际非均匀、各向异性裂纹介质：(2)裂纹数密度对随机裂纹介质的各个弹性常数具有不同程度的影响：(3)Gaussian型自相关函数能描述单尺度平滑的非均匀介质，而指数型随机介质具有多尺度、自相似的特性。     

室内自然对流数值模拟分析

研究建筑围护结构传热与流体流动综合作用下室内自然对流数值模拟,建立了一套同时在固体-流体区域整体求解连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程的数值模拟方法。具体分析了瑞利数变化范围为104到106时建筑围护结构传热对室内自然对流的影响。数值预测结果表明:该方法能够真实反映室内自然对流问题。为室内自然对流问题数值模拟找到了一种实用有效的方法。     

抗滑表层沥青混合料试验参数研究

针对近年来沥青路面抗滑表层混合料在生产中暴露出来的耐久性差、抗滑能力不持久等问题 ,认为不能简单的对这一级配形式予以否定 ,并尝试通过对其击实次数、空隙率指标等关键试验参数进行调整以改善其路用性能。在理论分析与试验研究的基础上 ,提出在抗滑表层混合料配合比设计中 ,将规范要求的马歇尔试件双面 5 0次击实改为 75次 ,同时相应降低空隙率要求 ,对保持路面抗滑性能与耐久性能之间的平衡、提高混合料的各项路用性能具有重要的意义     

双代号网络图的绘制方法

从教学及实践的角度出发，就双代号网络图的绘制方法与技巧进行了归纳总结，以便在绘图时能很好地控制整个图形的布局，正确清楚地表达逻辑关系，快速准确地绘出双代号网络图。     

座椅下圆柱型多孔送风器的噪声测试和分析

通过对剧院座椅下圆柱型多孔送风器噪声的测试及其结果分析,指出这种送风器的噪声能符合剧院允许噪声标准,可以在剧院空调中应用。     

丘陵地区高填方土石混填路堤压实控制研究

探讨了丘陵地区高填方土石混填路堤的压实质量控制技术,通过现场试验研究碾压遍数与压实度、碾压沉降量的关系,最后提出采用压实度、碾压沉降量、碾压遍数作为控制压实质量的手段。     

Ultrafine particle concentrations and exposures in seven residences in northern California

Human exposures to ultrafine particles (UFP) are poorly characterized given the potential associated health risks. Residences are important sites of exposure. To characterize residential exposures to UFP in some circumstances and to investigate governing factors, seven single-family houses in California were studied during 2007-2009. During multiday periods, time-resolved particle number concentrations were monitored indoors and outdoors and information was acquired concerning occupancy, source-related activities, and building operation. On average, occupants were home for 70% of their time. The geometric mean time-average residential exposure concentration for 21 study subjects was 14,500 particles per cm(3) (GSD = 1.8; arithmetic mean ± standard deviation = 17,000 ± 10,300 particles per cm(3)). The average contribution to residential exposures from indoor episodic sources was 150% of the contribution from particles of outdoor origin. Unvented natural-gas pilot lights contributed up to 19% to exposure for the two households where present. Episodic indoor source activities, most notably cooking, caused the highest peak exposures and most of the variation in exposure among houses. Owing to the importance of indoor sources and variations in the infiltration factor, residential exposure to UFP cannot be characterized by ambient measurements alone. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Indoor and outdoor sources each contribute to residential ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations and exposures. Under the conditions investigated, peak exposure concentrations indoors were associated with cooking, using candles, or the use of a furnace. Active particle removal systems can mitigate exposure by reducing the persistence of particles indoors. Eliminating the use of unvented gas pilot lights on cooking appliances could also be beneficial. The study results indicate that characterization of human exposure to UFP, an air pollutant of emerging public health concern, cannot be accomplished without a good understanding of conditions inside residences.